Decision making statements

Normally in c programming language statement are execute in a sequenced manner.
Sometime we need to execute some statement based on some specific condition.
Depending on the condition either we have to execute or skip some statement.
In such situation we need to take decision to transfer control flow on the require statement.
C-programming language provides the following decision making statement:

(1) If statement (2) Switch statement (3) Conditional statement (4) Go to statement

If statement:

When we want to execute some statement based on a given condition that time we can use if statement.
If statement is a two way decision making statement.
It provides two alternative paths to be followed according to the condition.
The following are different from of if statement.

(1) Simple if statement (2) if …else statement (3) else…if ladder (4) Nested if

(1) Simple if statement:

It is a simple form of if statement in which some statement are either executed or skipped according to the given condition.
It has the following form:

It first checks the condition or expression given inside if.
If condition becomes true, control enters into if block and statements inside the block are executes.
If condition becomes false then statements inside if block are skipped and control transfers to the statement following by if statement.
When if statement has a single statement then braces are not required but it is necessary when if statement contain two or more statement

Syntax:

if (condition)
{
   Statement(s);
}

Example:

if (ctegory =="sport")
{
    mark = mark + bonus_mark;
}

It first checks the condition or expression given inside if.
If condition becomes true, control enters into if block and statements inside the block are executes.
If condition becomes false then statements inside if block are skipped and control transfers to the statement following by if statement.
When if statement has a single statement then braces are not required but it is necessary when if statement contain two or more statement
The following program demonstrates the use of if…else statement to find out maximum number.

// program to find out maximum number
#include "stdio.h";
#include "conio.h";

void main()
{
  int a,b;
  clrscr();
  printf("enter two numbers");
  scanf("\n %d \t %d",&a,&b);
  if (a>b)
    printf("A is maximum");
  else
    printf("B is maximum");
  getch();
}

Decision making statements

If statement:

(1) Simple if statement: